英语语言学入门知识汇总,英语语言学入门知识大全

英语语言学入门知识汇总,英语语言学入门知识大全

英语语言学入门知识点总结:定义

1 .语言学Linguistics

linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage。

2 .一般语言学通用语言

thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledgenerallinguistics。

3 .语言语言

语言支持系统机制。

语言是人类用于交际的任意性有声符号体系。

4 .标识特征设计功能

itreferstothedefiningpopertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication。

语言识别特征是指人类语言区别和与其他任何动物交往体系的限定性特征。

Arbitrariness任意性

产品高产性

双重性

置换移位性

心理转换文化传播

arbitrariness

thereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds。

p.sthearbitrarynatureoflanguageisasignofsophisticationanditmakesitpossibleforlanguagetohaveanunlimitedsourceofexpressions

产品

animalsarequitelimitedinthemessagestheyareabletosend。

占空比

Language is a system,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,or two levels。

置换

语言canbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker。

计算机传输

humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis、 butwehavetobetaughtandlearnedthedetailsofanylanguagesystem.thisshowedthatlanguageisculturallytransmitted.notbyinstinct.aaged

5 .语言能力Competence

competenceistheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage。

6 .语言运用性能

performanceistheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinguisticcommunication。

语言运用是所掌握的规则在语言交际中的体现。

7 .继续语言学诊断

thestudyoflanguagechangethroughtime.adiachronicstudyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy,whichstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflantoflant

8 .共时语言学Synchronical linguistics

thestudyofagivenlanguageatagiventime。

9 .语言语言语言

theabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity。

10 .语言parole

简化语言分析。

11 .规律性Prescriptive

itaimstolaydownrulesfor \” correct \” behavior,totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhatshouldnotsay。

12 .说明性描述

alinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse。

英语知识点:知识

1.languageisnotanisolatedphenomenon,it’sasocialactivitycarriedoutinacertainsocialenvironmentbyhumanbeings。

语言不是孤立的现象,而是人类在一定社会环境下进行的社会活动。

2 .若干观点和现象的提交人:

瑞士语言学家f.desaussuref.de Saussure:langue与parole的区别

U.S.A linguist N.Chomsky美国语言学家N.Chomsky

in1950对Saussure’slangueparole提出了公司和性能

曾经对语言概念进行过定义的语言学家

sapir—- languageisapurelyhumanandnon-instinctivemethodofcommunicationideas,emotionsanddesiresbymeansofvoluntarilypron

hall—- languageistheinstitutionwherebyhumanscommunicateandinteractwitheachotherbymeansofhabituallyusedoral-auditoral-auditory

Chomsky—- fromnowoniwillconsiderlanguagetobeasetofsentences,eachfiniteinlengthandconstructedoutofinitesetofelements

U.S.A Linguist Charles Hockett美国语言学家Charles Hockett

提出了语言的识别特性design features

3.the word’language’precededbythezero-article,itimpliesthatlinguisticsstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage。

语言学家不在语言一词之前加冠词,表明语言学家并不仅仅研究特定的语言。

4.inordertodiscoverthenatureoftheunderlyinglanguagesystem,whatthelinguistshastodofirstiftostudylanguagefacts。

5.languageisacomplicatedentitywithmultiplelayersandfacts,soit \’ shardlypossibleforthelinguisticstodealwitalllatonce .审判

6.fristdrewtheattentionofthelinguistswerethesoundsusedinlanguages .最先引起语言学家注意的是语言发音。

英语知识点:猜谜

1.whataremajorbranchesoflinguistics? what does each study?

phonetics—- it’sdefinedasthestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage,it’sconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’SLD

phonology—- thestudyofsoundssystems——theinventoryofdistinctivesoundsthatoccurinalanguageandthepatternsintowhicheyfall

morphology—- it’sabranchofagrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed。

syntax—- it \’ sasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureofalanguage。

semantics—it’ssimplydefinedasthestudyofmeaninginabstraction。

pragmatics—thestudyofmeaningincontextofwords。

socio linguistics-thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosociety。

psycho linguistics—- thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingofthemind。

applied linguistics—theapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning。

2.whydowesaylanguageisarbitrary?

languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenthesoundstowhichtesesoundsrefer

thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisagoodillustrationofthearbitrarynatureoflanguage, it’sonlyourtacitagreementofutteranceandconceptatworkandnotanyinnaterelationshipboundupintheutterance。

atypicalexampletoillustratethe‘arbitrariness’oflanguageis‘arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet’。

3.whatmakesmodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar?

模式语言描述,itsinvestigationsarebasedonauthenticandmainlyspokenlanguagedate .现代语言学描述性,其研究可靠

traditionalgrammarisprescriptive.itisbasedon’high’written language。

传统语法具有规律性,研究“高级”书面语。

4.ismodernlinguisticsmainlysynchronicordiachronic? why

modernlinguisticsismainlysynchronic,focusingonthepresent-day languagesofalanguagearesuccesfullystulystule.unage

现代语言学主要是共时的,重点研究现代语言。 只要对语言各种状态的研究没有成功,就很难随着时间的推移来描述语言。

5.whichenjoyspriorityinmodernlinguistics,speech or writings?

speechenjoysforthefollowingreasons :

speechprecedeswritingintermsofevolution。

alargeamountofcommunicationiscarriedoutinspeechthaninwriting。

speechistheforminwhichinfantsacquiretheirnativelanguage。

6.howissaussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparolesimilartochomsky’s?

bothsaussureandchomskymakethedistinctionbetweentheabstractlanguagesystemandtheactualuseoflanguage.theirposeistosingleouttttte

twolinguistsideadifferinthatsaussuretookasociologicalviewoflanguage,chomskylooksatlanguagefromapsychologicalpointofview,con

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