2018考研英语(一)真题及答案详解(完整版)，2018年考研英语一真题及答案解析(完整版)

2018年研究生入学考试将于2017年12月23日至12月25日，文都教育会将在考试结束后为大家整理解析2018年研究生英语y一真题答案，为你献上解析盛宴。 文都名师在这里等你。

Section I Use of English

Directions :

readthefollowingtext.choosethebestword ( s ) for each numbered blank and mark A，b，cordontheanswersheet.(10points ) )。

trustisatrickybusiness.ontheonehand，it \’ sanecessarycondition1manyworthwhilethings:child care，friendships，etc.on the

4、why do we trust at all？ Well，becauseitfeelsgood.5 peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution，their brains release oxytocin， ahormonethat6pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpromptshumansto7withoneanother.scientistshavefoundtexpostexposther atrusting9:inaswissstudy，researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects； thosesubjectswereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir 10 whoinhaledsomethingelse。

11 for us， wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay 12u s.acanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas 14 monthscandifferentiate 13 acrediblep ered toddlerswereeach 14 toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.thetesterwouldask，“what’sin here”“before looking into the conte”conthe eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook 15.halfofthemfoundatoy； the other half 16 thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad 17 them。

amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked，themajoritywere 18 tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill，demonstratingthatttheytrull onlyfiveofthe 30 childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upaaatache

section ii读我公司

部件a

Directions :

readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosinga，b，cord.markyouranswersontheanswersheet.(

文本1

amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:whathappenspenswhed

don \’ tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.abouthalfofu.s.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated， accordingtoauniversityofoxfordsf withemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon \’ ton ons-trucking，financial advice，software engineering-havearousedtheirinterest，or soon will. The rich own the robots，sotheywed

thisisn \’ ttobealarmist.optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.theindustrialrevolutiondin lacedbymechanizedLooms，utiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.likewise， automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices，and free workers from hard，boring work.but in the

The first step，aserikbrynjolfssonandandrewmcafeeargueinthesecondmachineage， shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.curriculums-fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfacttion munication.vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsweb side robots.onlineeduce al kind.itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.professionals uirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgointodebt。

thechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheu.s.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:startingnewcompaniesmustbbustbism 科技变更、 entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.thebestusesof3dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven \’

Finally，becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome， taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut，andwagesubsidiessuchastheeeearnedincometaxcreditaxcreditited

technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears，yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcandcareresandcandcaresmeretitivestivestiveste

destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable。

文本2

anewsurveybyharvarduniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungamericansdisapproveofpresidenttrump’suseoftwitter.theimplication ewhitehousetobefilteredthroughothersource，nota president’ssocialmediaplatform。

mostamericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia， peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.suchatrendisbadlyneeded.during the 2016 presidential campaign， nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbytwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofmichiganwasfakenews、 accordingtotheuniversityofoxford.andasurveyconductedforbuzzfeednewsfound 44 percentoffacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthomth

youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.aknightfoundationfocus-acus fyoungpeoplebetweenages 14 and 24 foundtheyuse \” distributed trust \” toverifystories.they cross-checksourcesandprefernewsfirews ts areopenaboutanybias.\” manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducating \” sandactivelyseeekingoutopposingving

suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.a 2014 surveyconductedinaustralia，Britain、 andtheunitedstatesbytheuniversityofwisconsin-madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalelengalengagengegagaged

socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionof rcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.asurveybybarnaresearchgroupfoundthis.asurveybybarnaresearesesearingormartion nbyamericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“reader error， \” moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin \” misinterpretationorexagggorexagggging inotherwords， thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue .“thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthion

sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident，theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskillsandintheirchoicesoncesonwhongsongsowhesongsongskilllls

文本3

any fair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenbritain \’ snationalhealthservice ( NHS )。 anddeepmindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.deepmindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence ( companiesinthewort ) pliedtohealthcareisverygreat，butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.itisagainstthatbackgroundthatttttoround Elizabeth Denham，hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheroyalfreehospitaltrustunderthenhs， whichhandedovertodeepmindtherecordsof 1.6 millionpatientsin 2015 onthebasisofavagueagreeementwhichtookfartoolittleacountofthep atied

eepmindhasalmostapologized.thenhstrusthasmendeditsways.further arrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweenthsandeeepmind ecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.therearelessoon outinformedpatientconsenttttolentolettolealealed gleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.msdenhamchosetoconcentrathe he blame on the NHS trust， sinceunderexistinglawit \” controlled \” thedataanddeepmindmerely \” processed \’ it.butthisdistionmissesthepointthatitprototon

thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamageto eknowledgeaboutthem.thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.thedataofanindividualtheregains eonlywhenitiscomparedwithth

theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.thispracticedoesnotadddrestherealwory.itisnoted deepminddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.whatmattersistheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhattheywillbelongtoaprivattes musingpublicresources.ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan、 bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttttohav egigigigav ongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.msdenham \’ sreportisawelcomestart。

文本4

theu.s.postalservice(USPs ) continuestobleedredink.itreportedanetlossof $ 5.6 billionforfiscal 2016， the 10 thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue.meanwhile，ithasmorethan $ 120 billioninunfundedliabilities， mostlyforemployeehealthandretirementcosts.therearemanybankruptcies.fundamentally， theuspsisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanentlydecreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butter product，firsted andaregulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenewreality

andinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexertself-interestedpressureontheusps \’ sultimateoverser-corser epostalservice，aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected.thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecene leavingthepostalserviceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvitalmodernization。

nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved—Democrats、Republicans、the Postal Service、 theunionsandthesystem \’ sheaviestusers—hasfinallyagreedonaplantofixthesystem.legislationismovingthroughthehousethathatwouldsauldstem verfiveyears，whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles， amongothersurvivalmeasures.mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireeeeee largelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare，thusaddressingalong-stang

If it clears the House，thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughthesenatewheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare， bareminimumnecessarytokeepthepostalserviceafloat，notcomprehensivereform.there’snochangetocollectivebargaingatttheusps， amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor 80 percentoftheagency’s costs.alsomissanydiscussionofeliminatingsaturdon sensechangeenjoyswidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheusps $2billionperyear.butpostalspecial-interes PS o have killed it， atleastinthehouse.theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassssingshatingshed USPS. It is not，however，asign that they’regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe 21 stcenturre

部件b

Directions :

thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.for questions 41-45， youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelista-gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.pa

A. In December of 1869， congressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewstatedepartmentbuilding.thecommmissionwasasasalsalsoted gementsforthewarandnavydepartments.tothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedagreekrevivaltwinofthetreasurybuildingto erectedontheothersided theelaboratefrenchsecondempirestyledesignbyalfredmullettwasselected，andconstructionofabuildingtohouseallthredepartmentsbegaged

B. Completed in 1875，the state department \’ ssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied，withitselegantfour-story library ( complete ) and secretary \’ sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood，Oriental rugs，andstenciledwallpatterns.thenavydepartmovedintotheeeastwins

C. The State，War，and Navy Building，as it was originally known， housedthethreexecutivebranchdepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation \’ sforeignpolicyinthelasthelation uryandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheunitedstatesemergedasaninternationalpower.er ildinghashousedsomed diplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents。

d.manyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheeeeob \’ sgranitewalls.sted William Howard Taft、Dwight D. Eisenhower、Lyndon B. Johnson、Gerald Ford、 andgeorgeh.w.bushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingpresident.ithashoused 16 secretariesofthenavy、 21 secretariesofwoused and 24 secretariesofstate.winstonchurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandjapaneseemissariesmetherewithsecrethsecretaryryte

e.theeisenhowerexecutiveofficebuilding ( eeob ) )。 commandsauniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheunitedstates.designedbysupervisingarchitectof Alfred B. Mullett，itwasbuiltfrom 1871 to 1888 tohousethegrowingstaffsofthestate，War，and Navy Departments，andisconsideredoneon

f.construction took 17 yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.whentheeobwasfinished、 itwasthelargestofficebuildinginwashinging with nearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcascastion theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.eightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover 4，00 individuallycastbronzebalubron

g.thehistoryoftheeobbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween 1799 and 1820.ased bytheBritishin1814 ) andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingtreasurybuilding.in 1814 theconstructionofthenofthenored ecessitatedthedemolitionofthestatedepartmentbuilding。

【解答】41.(e )c42.( g )43.) ( a )f44.( ( b )45.) ( d ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 652

部件c

Directions :

readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintochinese.yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheantheanswed

Shakespeare’slifetimewascoincidentwithaperiodofextraordinaryactivityandachievementinthedrama.46 ( ) )。 bythedateofhisbirtheuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama、 andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.thesenewformswereatfirstmainlywrittenbyscholarsandperfomedy but in England、aseverywhereelseinwesterneurope、thegrowthofaclassofprofessionalactorswasthreateningtomakethedramapopular， whether it should be new or old，classical or medieval，literary or farcical. Court，school organizations of amateurs， andthetravelingactorswereallrivalsinsupplyingawidespreaddesirefor and ( 47 ) noboywhowentagrammschoouldbeignorantthattthedrattthed

whenshakespearewastwelveyearsold、 thefirstpublicplayhousewasbuiltinlondon.foratimeliteratureshowednointerestinthispublicstage.playsaimingatliterarydistinction court，orforthechoirboysofst.Paul’sandtheroyalchapel，who，however， geplaysinpublicaswellasatcourt.( 48 ) buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters， anduniversitymenwithliteratureambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood.bythetimeshakespearewastwastwet andgreenehadmadecomediesthatwereatoncepopularandliterary； kydhadwrittenatragedythatcrowdedthepit； andmarlowehadbroughtpoetryandgeniustotriumphonthecommonstage-wheretheyhadplayednopartsincethedeathofeuripides.( 49 )。 anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated、itsalliancewithepublicplayhousestablished、andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadben

thedevelopmentoftheelizabethandramaforthenexttwenty-fiveyearsisofexceptionalinterestostudentsofliteraryhistory， forinthisbriefperiodwemaytracethebeginning，growth，blossoming，and decay of many kinds of plays， andofmanygreatcareers.weareamazedtodayatthemerenumberofplaysproduced，aswellasbythenumberofdramatistswritingattthesametimefomefod torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity、wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost、andthatprobablythereisnoauthorof

【参照译文】

46 .直到莎士比亚诞生的时代，欧洲在宗教戏剧的消亡以及古典悲剧和喜剧的影响下经历了新的戏剧形式的产生。

47 .所有进入语法学校的男孩都知道戏剧是文学形式。 这种文学形式可能为希腊和罗马带来荣耀，为英国带来荣耀。

48 .但是，这些专业公司在永久剧场中兴，而且一些有文学野心的大学生很快就投身到这些作为谋生手段的剧场。

49 .这些文学大师创造了具有本土特色的文学戏剧，并与公共剧场结盟，至少开始了一些伟大的传统。

50 .要认识到戏剧行为的伟大，就必须进一步记住许多戏剧形式已经消失，而且著名作家的所有作品可能都没有留存至今。

安全iii写操作

部件a

51. Directions :

writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsoncampusinvitingthemtoattendthegraduationceremony.inyouremailyoushouldincludetime，platime

youshouldwriteabout 100 wordsneatlyontheansewe

R SHEET

Do not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

【参考范文】

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing this letter in order to invite you to attend the forthcoming graduation ceremony.

The ceremony will be hosted in the auditorium on our campus, at 10 o\’clock in the morning on next Monday, January 15. It is advisable for you to dress formal. Please let us know your decision as soon as possible so that we could send you further details concerned. Since you are so popular among us that we sincerely hope you could accept this invitation and give the graduates a wonderful memory of our campus.

If you are available, we request the honor of your company. It will be highly appreciated if you could give us an earliest favorable reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

Part B

52. Directions：

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should

1）describe the pictures briefly.

2）interpret the meaning, and

3）give you comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)

【参考范文】

As is vividly depicted in the graph that sitting in front of a computer, a student is selecting the curriculum, taking numerous elements into consideration including the innovation, the freshness of knowledge and the level of difficulty as well as the scoring, the qualified rate and burden of assignment. The caption says: The course selecting is on the way, indicating the importance of well-rounded consideration while making a choice.

We can deduce from the portrayal that well-rounded contemplating, a significant quality, serves as an indispensable capability bringing about positive influence toward different aspects of our lives. It is commonly known that the value of comprehensiveness and sophistication of thinking has been proved by countless examples around us, such as the governmental policy making and selection of compulsory and optional course. If we can put this notion into practice, it would exert profound and constructive influence. Therefore, well-rounded and thorough thinking will create huge benefit to the prosperity of community as well as personal development.

Whatever difficulty or situation we are confronted with, those who have the ability of analyzing the ingredients and integrating them together are nearer to success. Therefore, well-rounded consideration is the wisdom we should live up to.