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1、目的状语
(1)、引导宾语的结构) todo/soas todo/in order todo/in order that/so that。
引导结果的状语结构: to do/so形容词副词as to do/so形容词; 副词; 分词; (定语名词) that/such )单数; 复数; 不可数的)名词that/so(that ) )
) 2、order在说“订单”的时候,只说语调。 例如ihaveorderedasetofbooksforthestudentseach
(3)、不使用order to do something,改为从句。
) 4、in order to/so as to表示目的,so … as to/enough to/too … to表示结果,避免单独用not to do表达作为目的状语的否定结构,使用so as not to/in order not to
)5)、so that和in order that )是“使能、使能”的意思,主句的主语可以相同也可以不相同。 目的状语从句中常用情态动词can、could、may、might、will、would、should等,如IgotupearlysothatI(caught ) could catch the train .主句so as to,so that,in order that表示目的,不能放在文章开头。
练习:
In order to make our city green,___。
a.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesb.manytreesneedtoplant
c.ourcityneedmoretreesd.wemustplantmoretrees
___ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm clock。
a.soastosleepb.sleeping c.tosleepd.having slept
In my opinion,you’dbettereatandsleepmore _ _ loseanymoreweight。
a.so astob.inordernottoc.tono TD.so that notto
Dad,whyareyoualwaysbusywithyourworkeveryday? ___ our life easier and better。
a.makeb.makingc.tomaked.tobe making
_ _ admittedtofamousuniversities,parentsshouldtrytocuretheirchildren _ _ bad habits。
A. In order to be; from B. So as to be; of C. So as to be; from D. In order to be; of
2、 as从句
在as引导的非限制性定语从句中,连接代词as可以在句子中作主语、宾语或表语等,可以指人或物。 在定语从句中的位置可以在句前、句中间或句尾。 常用的结构是: as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。
注意:
as通常指句子整体的内容,不表示部分内容。
as引导的非限制性定语从句通常是“可以事先预料”“可以预料”的意思,表示“好”的一面。
as引导限制性定语从句时,the same…as…; such . as . so/as …as…等结构。 从句中可以指人、物,也可以指整个句子。
例如:
This is also part of your work,as I told you before .我说过这也是你工作的一部分。
The man was a teacher,aswasevidentfromhiswayofspeaking .从那个人说话的样子可以明显看出,他是老师。
suchideasashehitsonareworthless .像他这样偶然想到的想法是没有用的。
IT’sthesamestoryasiheardfromheryesterday .这话和我从她那里听到的一样。
hewillmarryasprettyagirlashecanfind .他应该尽量找个漂亮的女孩结婚。
suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected .对世界有巨大贡献的人们应该受到极大的尊重。
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___ many developing countries,chinaisingreatneedofscienceandtechnology。
a.ASB.aswithc.whichisthecasewithd.as like
___ is mentioned above,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolsisincreasing。
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
___ is known to everybody,themoontravelsroundtheeartheverymonth。
A. It B. As C. That D. What
___ other developing countries,chinaneedbringinadvancedtechnologyfromdevelopedcountries。
A. As B. as if C. As with D. Like the
___ the day went on,the weather got worse。
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
___ is known to all,China will bean _ _ andpowerfulcountryin 20 or 30 years’time。
A. That; advancing B. This; 高级c.as高级
D. It; 高级
___ is known to everybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth。
A. It B. As C. That D. What
3、疑问词加不定式
) 1、“疑问词加不定式”在句子中起名词作用,可以作主语、宾语、表语等,不能作状语。 通常相当于从句。 例如,id on’tknowwhattodo=id on’tknowwhatishoulddo .疑问词必须在不定式之前,疑问代词what,which,whom是不定式宾语,疑问副词where,when,when
)2)、在这个结构中,不定形中的动词必须是及物,不应该给物动词加上相应的前置词。 有些动词适合把这个结构作为宾语,其他则不完整。
) 3、这类动词常用的有16个,可以通过以下口诀记住。 我知道你忘了理解; 决定告诉他想知道说明,想思考; 讨论表明和学问( know,remember,forget,understand,wonder,explain,find out,see,decide,tell,think of/about,consider
练习:
Last summer I took a course on ___。
a.howtomakedressesb.howdressesbemade
c.howtobemadedressesd.howdressestobemade
themotherdidn’t know _ _ toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout。
A. who B. when C. how D. what
itissaidinaustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows _。
a.itwhattodowithb.whattodoitwith
c.whattodowithitd.todowhatwithit
ineverthoughttherewouldbesomanycameras _ _,soi couldn’t decide _ _。
A. to choose from; which to buy B. for choosing; what to buy
C. to choose from; to buy which D. to be chosen; which to bought
___ is very important。
a.solvetheproblemb.howtosolvetheproblem
C. How to be solved the problem
D. What to deal with the problem
it’shightimeweconsidered _ _ topreventmoreairpollution。
a.doingwhatb.whattodoc.howtodod.whatshouldwedo
hegavemesomeadviceonhow _ _ English。
a.studying b.studyc.tostudyd.shouldistudy
4、双重问句
,又称复杂特殊疑问句、双重疑问句,是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的一体化。
这个句型分为两个部分。 第一部分是一般疑问句。 第二部分是特殊疑问句,但其疑问代词必须放在句首。 例如wehaven’theardfromjaneforalongtime.whatdoyousupposehashappenedtoher?
、注意事项:
1 )、特殊疑问句是分割的,但是整体的。 中间的do you suppose好像是插入语。
2 )、第二部分不是严格意义上的特殊疑问句。 因为有do you suppose,所以使用陈述句的语序,而不是疑问句的语序。 例如,whydoyousupposetheaccidenthashappened?
3 )、句子的重心在第二部分,虽然存在do you suppose,但是用yes,no无法回答。 和特殊疑问句一样,要根据疑问词具体准确地回答。 可以回答: theaccidenthappenedbecauseofthedriver’scarelessness/becausethedriverwascareless .也可以在I/wethink(believe,expect,gggecarestive 用id on’t think ( believe,suppose,imagine )./Ibelieve ) suppose,imagine,hope,guess ) not .作否定的简略回答
练习:
___ be sent to work there?
a.whodoyousuggestb.whodoyousuggestthatshould
c.doyousuggestwhoshouldd.doyousuggestwhomshould
___ you have seen both fighters,___ will win?
A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think
C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think
Where do you think ___ gone?
a.has heb.heha sc.doeshehaved.he have
Who do you suppose ___ to him?
a.phoningb.hadphone DC.phonedd.is phone
Where do you believe ___? we can’tfindhimanywhere。
A. has he gone B. he has gone
C. has he been D. he has been to
___ Tom ___?
A. Who do you think; will get married to
B. Do you think whom; 获得矩阵宽度
C. Do you think when; 玛丽图
D. Do you think of whom; be married to
ihaven’theardfromhenryforalongtime.whatdoyousuppose _ _ tohim?
A. was happening B. to happen
C. has happened D. had happened
5、状语从句的省略
、表示让步、时间、条件的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,谓语动词中含有be动词时,可以省略此类状语从句的主谓。 由单词though、when、while、if、till、until等导出的状语可以省略。 例如,thearticleisveryimportantthough ( itis ) short。
when(hewas ) still a boy of ten,hestartedworkingtosupporthimself。
donotleavethemachinetill ( you are ) told to do so。
if(heis ) too old to work much,theretiredworkerisveryenthusiasticaboutneighborhoodaffairs。
,从句的主语为it,谓语为系动词be时,可以省略it be。 例如if(itis ) necessary,write to me。
练习:
When ___ in the street,he came across one of his friends。
a.waswalkingb.walkedc.walkingd.tobe walking
themenwillhavetowaitallday _ _ thedoctorworksfaster。
A. if B. unless C. whether D. that
informationhasbeenputforward _ _ moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities。
A. while B. that C. when D. as
She said she would do ___ help you
a.allwhatcouldtob.whatshecouldc.asmuchasshecouldto
D. as possible as she could to
wehavecometotheconclusion _ _ thissummerwillbemuchbetterthanbefore。
A. for B. but C. that D. when
Unless ___ to speak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference。
a.invitedb.inviting c.beinginvitedd.having invited
Once ___,it will never be forgotten。
a.visitedb.visiting c.visitsd.visit
Once ___,the book will be very popular。
a.published b.beingpublishedc.publishing d.publish
The new machine,if ___ properly,will serve us for at least 10 years。
A. use B. used C. using D. to use
theygotmarriedafter _ _ inlovewitheachotherfor3years。
a.havingfallenb.havingbeenc.felld.were
编辑|杨宁
审阅|李栋
校稿|吕放
相对于英语学习中最难的语法点从句。 重点讲解定语从句、宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、状语从句,通过对句子的结构分析,使学生快速阅读句子,理解句子。
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